Analyse des modalités de financement des soins de santé en République démocratique du Congo : une revue systématique

Contexte et objectif. Dans l'optique de la couverture universelle de la santé (CUS), il est urgent de repenser le système de financement de la santé dans les pays à faibles revenus, y compris en RDC. La présente étude avait pour objectif de faire un état de lieux de différentes modalités de financement des soins de santé en vue d'une mise en oeuvre d'une politique adaptée de la CUS. Méthodes. Analyse narrative et systématique des travaux publiés sur le financement des soins en RDC, entre 1980 et 2018, selon les directives PRISMA, en utilisant les moteurs de recherche Medline/Pubmed et Google Scholar. Résultats. Au total 27 articles ont été sélectionnés sur 1.429 et ont permis de faire une analyse thématique. Le paiement direct des soins est le mode le plus répandu, soit sous forme de paiement à l'acte, soit sous forme de paiement forfaitaire généralement subventionné en partie. Quelle que soit sa forme, le paiement direct exclut un grand nombre de personnes et constitue une barrière considérable à l'accès aux soins. Le prépaiement est considéré par la population comme un mandat de voyage donnant accès à des soins de santé moins chers. Mais, l'adhésion aux mutuelles de santé demeure faible à cause du très faible pouvoir d'achat et de la qualité des services de santé qui ne suit pas. La politique de subvention de paiement des soins existe sous la forme de gratuité de soins et d'incitations financières dont notamment le cash transfert et le financement basé sur les résultats. Quelle que soit la forme de subvention, il y a une amélioration de l'utilisation de services. Mais cette performance n'est pas pérenne. Conclusion. Le paiement direct demeure encore le plus répandu, mais le prépaiement semble être le mode qui favorise le mieux l'accès aux soins. Plus de données probantes sont encore nécessaires pour soutenir telle ou telle autre approche

Toxoplasmosis among pregnant women: high seroprevalence and risk factors in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women, as well as the proportion of acutely infected and risk factors in the Democratic Republic of Congo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty maternities in Kinshasa were randomly selected and women attending antenatal consultation were invited to participate. They were interviewed with a structured questionnaire about known risk factors (age, meat consumption, contact with soil, and presence of cat) and a venous blood sample was taken. Sera were analysed for total immunoglobulins (Ig) by VIDAS Toxo Competition using Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay. IgM was determined by VIDIA Toxo IgM and IgG avidity by VIDAS Toxo IgG avidity.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 781 women were included. Median age was 28 years old (IQR: 8.5). And 627 women (80.3%; 95% CI: 77.5-83.1) were found to be positive to total Ig and 17 out of 387 (4.4%; 95% CI: 2.3-6.4) were positive to IgM. IgG avidity was low for 2 (11.8%) women, intermediate for 2 (11.8%) and high for 13 women (76.4%). There was no statistically significant association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and any risk factors assessed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In Kinshasa, toxoplasmosis endemicity is highly prevalent. One woman out of twenty five had a recent toxoplasmosis infection and 20% were not protected against primo-infection, indicating a need for measures to prevent and control toxoplasmosis during pregnancy.</p>

Toxoplasmosis among pregnant women：High seroprevalence and risk factors in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

Objective:To determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women, as well as the proportion of acutely infected and risk factors in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods:Thirty maternities in Kinshasa were randomly selected and women attending antenatal consultation were invited to participate. They were interviewed with a structured questionnaire about known risk factors (age, meat consumption, contact with soil, and presence of cat) and a venous blood sample was taken. Sera were analysed for total immunoglobulins (Ig) by VIDAS Toxo Competition using Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay. IgM was determined by VIDIA Toxo IgM and IgG avidity by VIDAS Toxo IgG avidity. Results: A total of 781 women were included. Median age was 28 years old (IQR: 8.5). And 627 women (80.3%; 95%CI: 77.5-83.1) were found to be positive to total Ig and 17 out of 387 (4.4%;95%CI: 2.3-6.4) were positive to IgM. IgG avidity was low for 2 (11.8%) women, intermediate for 2 (11.8%) and high for 13 women (76.4%). There was no statistically significant association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and any risk factors assessed. Conclusion: In Kinshasa, toxoplasmosis endemicity is highly prevalent. One woman out of twenty five had a recent toxoplasmosis infection and 20%were not protected against primo-infection, indicating a need for measures to prevent and control toxoplasmosis during pregnancy.